Introduction of Dental Plaque Thourgh Comic Media in Primary Schools 142 Palembang

 

Introduction of Dental Plaque Thourgh Comic Media in Primary Schools 142 Palembang

 

Antri Elisa¹, Nadia Nurfadila²

Palembang Health Ministry Health Polytechnic

Jl. Jenderal Sudirman KM 3,5 Number 1365 Next to the Ash-Shofa Mosque Complex Moh. Hoesin Palembang Tel / Fax: (0711) 373104

Dental Nursing Department

Jl. Sukabangun 1 No.1159, Suka Bangun, Kec. Sukarami, Palembang City, South Sumatra 30151

Email: antribengkulu19@gmail.com

 

 

 

ABSTRAK

Knowledge about oral health in general and plaque in particular is very important to give to elementary students. Counseling  method is commonly  used to provide knowledge about dental plaque. Submission of counseling material to the target has to correspond to the method will be used,in addition,it is also influenced by the presence or absence of aids or means of supporting media for the delivery of the material. Comicis an unique and an interesting learning media. This study aims to provide  the introduction of dental plaque through comic media in SDN 142 Palembang grade V students inpreventing dental and oral diseases, the method used is quasi experimental with a pre and post test design approach, using a proportional stratified sampling technique. The population in this study amounted to 153 students while the sample was 40 students,the sample was divided into 2 groups of 20 people each, consisting of treatment and control groups. Data were analyzed by using Independent T-Test, the average result of children's knowledge before using comic media was 69.96 (69.95%) then after  using comic media was 83.80 (83.75%). T-Independent test results obtained p = 0.00 (p <0.05).It showed an increase in knowledge of elementary school 142 Palembang students grade V after being counseled by comic. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that counseling by comic media can enhance children's cognition.

Keywords: plaque, comic, Knowledge

 

Preliminary

               The cause of dental and oral health problems in the community is a factor of behavior or attitude of people ignoring dental and oral hygiene. This is based on the lack of knowledge of oral health maintenance, when a person is at a high level of knowledge, attention to oral health is also high (Rahim, 2017). Efforts to maintain oral health as well as the promotion of dental health, especially in school children, need special attention, because at this age children are experiencing a process of growth and development. The condition of the previous teeth will affect the development of dental health in later adulthood (Prasko, 2016).

               According to the 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) it is estimated that 90% of school children in the world and most adults have suffered from dental caries (Uterus, 2017). Dental and mouth health Riskesdas 2018 recorded the proportion of dental and mouth problems of 57.6% and those receiving services from dental medical personnel amounted to 10.2%. The proportion of correct tooth brushing behavior is 2.8% (MOH, 2018). South Sumatra Province has a proportion of daily brushing behavior among people aged ≥ 3 years 94.7% (Riskesdas, 2018).

 

Pendidikan kesehatan gigi (PKG) adalah suatu proses belajar yang ditujukan kepada individu atau kelompok masyarakat untuk mencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya. (Nurfalah, 2014). Penyampaian materi penyuluhan kepada sasaran selain harus sesuai dengan metode yang akan digunakan juga dipengaruhi olehada tidaknya alat bantu atau sarana media pendukung untuk penyampaian. Simulasi dan metode yang lainnya merupakan salah satu cara menyajikan informasi dengan cara mempertunjukkan secara langsung objeknya atau menunjukkan suatu proses atau prosedur. Penyajian ini disertai penggunaan alat peraga dan media sebagai alat bantu penyampaian materi (Prasko, 2016).

               Dental health education (PKG) is a learning process aimed at individuals or community groups to achieve the highest degree of health. (Nurfalah, 2014). Submission of extension material to the target in addition to being in accordance with the method to be used is also influenced by the presence or absence of aids or means of supporting media for delivery. Simulation and other methods are one way of presenting information by directly showing the object or showing a process or procedure. This presentation was accompanied by the use of visual aids and media as a material delivery aid (Prasko, 2016).

               In this study, researchers will introduce dental plaque using comic media in health programs. Comic is a unique and interesting learning media. Comics are also simple, clear, and easily understood. Comics can take the form of books, illustrated story sheets, stories in newspapers and magazines, or in the form of cartoon films (Prasetyono, 2015). As for the advantages in comics that can motivate students during the teaching and learning process, comics consist of images which are media that can improve the quality of learning, comics are permanent, comics can arouse interest in reading and direct students to the discipline of reading, especially those who do not like to read, comics are part and popular culture (Wurianto in Ambaryani, 2017).

               In terms of the retan age of children affected by dental and oral disease, then this comic media is shown in groups that are prone to dental and oral diseases of primary school children, because children aged 6-14 years are the age of transition or the replacement of milk teeth with permanent teeth (teeth mix). One of the extension media that can be used to attract students' attention is in the form of pictures, one of which is comics. Comics have a positive role that is developing reading habits. Methods of counseling by reading comics can be given to children aged 9-10 years, because generally reading is fluent and can understand the purpose of the reading (Setyawati, et al, 2019).

Research methods

A. Research Type

               This type of research includes experimental research using the Pre test and Post test.

B. Place and Time of Research

               Place: This research was conducted at 142 Elementary Schools in Palembang City

Timing: The study was conducted in September 2019.

C. Population and Research Samples

               The population in this study were all students of SD Negeri 142 Palembang

The sample of class V A and VB children is 40 children. Samples were taken using proportional stratified sampling technique.

               The overall sample size used in this study was 40 students. Where 40 students were divided into 2 test groups, each of which consisted of 20 students.

D. Data Analysis

               In this study the data analysis used is univariate analysis and bevariate analysis.

Results and Discussion

A. Research Results

               Based on the results of research conducted on children in class V A and V B in SD Negeri 142 Palembang, the results are as follows

Table 4.1: Frequency Distribution of Children's Knowledge of Plaque Before and After Comic Giving to Class V A and V B SD Negeri 142 Palembang.

No	Variabel	N	Jumlah Nilai	Rata-Rata Nilai	%	Nilai p*)
1.	Nilai Pengetahuan anak Sebelum diberi Penyuluhan dengan Media Komik	20	1.399	69,96	69,95%	0,000
2.	NilaiPengetahuan anak Sesudah Diberi Penyuluhan dengan Media Komik	20	1.675	83,80	83,75%

Sumber : Data Primer 2019

The table above shows that the average value of children's knowledge after being counseled with comic media is higher, compared to before giving counseling with comic media (p <0.05). Because counseling using comic media has its advantages with colored images, it has special appeal for children so that children become happy reading.

Table 4.2: Frequency Distribution of Children's Knowledge About Plaque Before and After the Lecture Method Given to Children V Class A and V B SD Negeri 142 Palembang.

No	Variabel	N	Jumlah Nilai	Rata-Rata Nilai	%	Nilai p*)
1.	Nilai Pengetahuan anak Sebelum Diberi Penyuluhan dengan Metode Ceramah	20	1.333	66,69	66,65%	0,001
2.	Nilai Pengetahuan anak Sesudah Diberi Penyuluhan dengan Metode Ceramah	20	1.486	74,31	74,3%

               The above table shows that the average value of children's knowledge after counseling with the lecture method is higher, than before counseling with the lecture method (p <0.05). This increase in knowledge is due to the intervention given to the child so that it can help children increase knowledge about Plaque. From the results of the pre-test and post-test it can be said that the child's knowledge after being counseled by the lecture method has increased.

Table 4.3: Distribution of Average Difference of Children's Knowledge About Plaques Before and After Being Given Comic Media and Counseling with Lecture Method in Children V Classes A and V B SD Negeri 142 Palembang

.

Metode Penyuluhan	N	Perbandingan rata-rata selisih nilai Pengetahuan Anak (mean)	Mean Difference	Nilai p*)
Media Komik	20	13,33	6,22	0,029
Ceramah	20	7,62

               Table 4.3 shows that the difference in the average value of children's knowledge before and after counseling using comic media and lecture methods 6.22. Through the T-test obtained P-value = 0.029 means that at p <0.05 there is a significant difference between the two methods in increasing children's knowledge. This is because the comic media is a very flexible print media because the print media can be used anywhere, anytime, without the need for special equipment. In addition, comics not only provide information but are also able to provide entertainment for readers so as to arouse interest in reading and direct children to the discipline of reading, especially for those who do not like to read, compared with counseling with lecture methods that the learning process is within the instructor's authority and difficult for children who lack the ability to listen and take good notes

A. Discussion

               Based on the above table it can be seen that the average knowledge of children about dental plaque before using comic media is 66.69 and the average after using comic media is 74.31. It turns out there is an increase in the knowledge of elementary school children after using comic media. This is supported by research by Dhea, et al, 2018, which states that there is a significant increase in knowledge after counseling with comic media. This is supported also by research Hadi (2012) in Mariyaningsih (2018), about the effect of health education with comic media on students, the results suggest that comic media can improve students' cognitive levels. Having increased knowledge about something that is beneficial to him causes a person to have a positive attitude and will cause interest to act.

               That is because the counseling method with comic media has advantages that attract the attention of children in overcoming the limitations of children's experience directly. The message or teaching material to be conveyed is engineered so that it can be designed in the form of a learning comic. Learning through comic media plays a big role in presenting these abstract concepts to concrete examples in everyday life.

               Comics are visual aids that can be used in the education process. Visual aids stimulates the sense of sight when educational processes occur. This is supported by Budiarti, 2016 comic media do not need many special tools and facilities for their use and use visuals only. The use of comic media in learning can help elementary school children and motivate their learning to be more enthusiastic in learning. This is in accordance with the conditions that occurred during the study, in the intervention group given comics, elementary school children seemed more enthusiastic and interested in receiving the comic media.

               Based on Edgar Dale's learning pyramid, it is proven that learning media will be more effective if the media used can make students read, listen, and see objects from the media. This is supported by the opinion of Notoatmodjo in Dhea, et al (2018) which states that according to various research experts, the senses that channel the most knowledge to the brain are the eyes. Human knowledge obtained through the eyes reaches approximately 75-87% while the other 13-25% is obtained through other senses. Thus the balanced plaque material delivered through comics can be received better and easier by the subjects. In this study increasing children's knowledge is more effective with comic media than lecture methods because counseling provided with comic media is also assisted by instructors, such as: children can ask the instructor if the child does not understand the sentence in the comic.

               Counseling using the lecture method is also able to increase the knowledge of elementary school children because the interventions given to elementary school children can help elementary school children improve knowledge about dental plaque. This is supported by research Lubis, et al, (2013) which states that the results of his research also showed an increase in the average value of children's knowledge after being given counseling by the lecture method. However, many factors that influence in

the success of providing counseling with lecture methods, such as environmental factors, the readiness of the speaker, and the target's catching ability.

               From the results of using paired T-test showed a significant increase in children's knowledge about dental plaque using comic media (p = 0,000) which means that Ho was rejected.

               In the Independent T-Test by comparing the average increase in the level of children's knowledge between comic media and the lecture method the comic media results were more effective in increasing children's knowledge than the lecture method, with a p value <0.05. The difference in average increase in knowledge is due to lecture methods that tend to be monotonous so that children quickly get bored.

Conclusion

               Based on the results of research on the Introduction of Dental Plaque Through Comic Media in VA and VBSD Negeri 142 Palembang Children, conclusions can be drawn as follows:

               There was an increase in knowledge of VA and VB grade children in understanding the introduction of dental plaque by the lecture method at SD Negeri 142 Palembang. The average value of children's knowledge about dental plaque before counseling with comic media and lecture methods was 69.96 and 66.69, after amounted to 83.80 and 74.31.

               From the results of using paired T-test showed a significant increase in children's knowledge about dental plaque using comic media (p = 0,000) which means that Ho was rejected.

               In the Independent T-Test by comparing the average increase in the level of children's knowledge between comic media and the lecture method the comic media results were more effective in increasing children's knowledge than the lecture method, with a p value <0.05. The difference in average increase in knowledge is due to lecture methods that tend to be monotonous so that children quickly get bored.

Suggestion

               Based on the above conclusions, the researcher can give suggestions to improve the knowledge of VA and VB grade students of SD Negeri 142 Palembang about dental plaque as follows:

1. The need for a UKGS (School Dental Health Efforts) program in collaboration with Puskesmas and dental and oral health workers to increase knowledge and skills so that students are able to maintain their oral health.

2. Health institutions are expected to be able to improve dental and oral health facilities and infrastructure in the school environment

3. Further research needs to be carried out on dental and oral health counseling at Palembang Elementary School 142 Palembang.

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